Axillary breast tissue removal, also known as axillary dissection or more commonly, surgical removal of axillary lymph nodes, is a procedure performed during or after breast cancer treatment. It's a significant surgery with implications that extend far beyond the operating room. Understanding what to expect before, during, and after the procedure is crucial for both physical and emotional well-being. This comprehensive guide will explore the process, addressing common questions and concerns.
What is Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Axillary breast tissue removal primarily focuses on removing lymph nodes from the underarm (axilla) area. These lymph nodes play a vital role in the body's immune system, filtering fluids and trapping cancerous cells. In the context of breast cancer, the surgeon removes these nodes to check for the spread of cancer cells. The extent of the surgery varies depending on the individual's case and may involve removing some or all of the lymph nodes in the armpit.
Types of Axillary Lymph Node Surgery:
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB): This minimally invasive procedure involves identifying and removing only the first few lymph nodes that are likely to receive cancer cells from the breast. It's generally preferred if there's no clinical evidence of lymph node involvement.
- Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND): This is a more extensive surgery involving the removal of a larger number of lymph nodes in the armpit. It's typically performed when the sentinel lymph node biopsy shows cancer cells.
The choice between SLNB and ALND is determined by factors such as the stage of breast cancer, the size and location of the tumor, and the results of imaging tests.
What Happens Before Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Before surgery, a thorough evaluation is performed, including:
- Medical History Review: The surgeon will review your medical history, including any allergies or previous surgeries.
- Physical Examination: A comprehensive physical examination focusing on the breast and underarm area will be conducted.
- Imaging Tests: This might include mammograms, ultrasounds, or CT scans to assess the extent of the cancer and the involvement of lymph nodes.
- Pre-operative Instructions: You'll receive detailed instructions regarding preparation for surgery, including dietary restrictions and medications to avoid.
What Happens During Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
The surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the armpit to access the lymph nodes. The specific technique used will depend on the type of surgery (SLNB or ALND). After the lymph nodes are removed, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.
What Happens After Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
The recovery period after axillary breast tissue removal can vary but typically involves:
- Pain Management: Pain medication is prescribed to manage post-operative pain.
- Swelling and Bruising: Swelling and bruising around the incision site are common and usually subside within a few weeks.
- Lymphedema: This is a potential complication characterized by swelling in the arm and hand due to lymphatic fluid buildup. It's crucial to follow post-operative care instructions diligently to minimize the risk.
- Physical Therapy: Physical therapy may be recommended to improve range of motion and reduce swelling.
- Follow-up Appointments: Regular follow-up appointments with the surgeon are essential to monitor healing and address any complications.
How Long Does it Take to Recover From Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
The recovery time varies significantly depending on the type of surgery performed, individual healing capacity, and the presence of any complications. Full recovery can take several weeks to several months. Returning to normal activities gradually is crucial.
What are the Possible Complications of Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
While generally safe, axillary breast tissue removal carries potential risks, including:
- Infection: The risk of infection at the incision site is always present.
- Lymphedema: As mentioned earlier, this is a significant potential complication.
- Seroma: Accumulation of fluid in the surgical site.
- Numbness: Numbness or altered sensation in the arm or underarm area.
- Limited Range of Motion: Temporary or permanent limitation in the range of motion of the arm and shoulder.
It’s important to discuss these potential complications with your surgeon before the procedure.
How is Lymphedema Managed After Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Lymphedema management typically involves a combination of:
- Compression Therapy: Wearing compression sleeves or garments helps to reduce swelling.
- Manual Lymphatic Drainage: A specialized massage technique helps to improve lymphatic drainage.
- Exercise and Movement: Regular exercise helps to improve lymphatic circulation.
- Skin Care: Proper skin care is crucial to prevent infections.
This information is for general knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized guidance regarding axillary breast tissue removal. They can address your specific concerns and provide the most accurate and relevant information based on your individual situation.
