Amber, fossilized tree resin, captivates with its warm glow and intriguing history. But with the prevalence of imitations, knowing how to authenticate amber is crucial, whether you're a seasoned collector or a curious buyer. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to distinguish genuine amber from its counterfeits.
What are the Most Common Ways to Identify Real Amber?
Several tests can help determine the authenticity of amber. Let's explore the most reliable methods:
1. The Saltwater Test:
This is a simple, widely-used test. Amber has a lower density than saltwater, so it will float.
- How to perform the test: Mix equal parts salt and water. If the amber floats, it's likely real. However, some plastics might also float, making this test not entirely foolproof. It’s best used in conjunction with other methods.
2. The Heat Test:
Genuine amber softens when heated. This test requires caution; don't overheat the amber as it can be damaged.
- How to perform the test: Gently heat a needle and touch it to the amber. Real amber will release a slightly piney scent and might even slightly deform. Be extremely careful; only use this test on a small, inconspicuous area. Imitations will usually smell differently (plastic-like) or not at all.
3. The UV Light Test:
Many, but not all, types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light.
- How to perform the test: Shine a UV light on the amber. Real amber may exhibit a bluish-white, greenish, or yellowish fluorescence, although the intensity can vary considerably. Absence of fluorescence doesn't automatically mean it's fake; some genuine amber doesn't fluoresce.
4. Examining the Inclusions:
Genuine amber often contains inclusions – trapped insects, plant matter, or air bubbles. These inclusions are usually irregularly shaped and show three-dimensional movement within the resin.
- What to look for: Fake amber inclusions are often artificially placed and lack the intricate detail and natural movement seen in real amber. Observe closely using a magnifying glass.
5. The Friction Test:
Rubbing amber creates static electricity.
- How to perform the test: Rub the amber against a cloth. Then, bring it close to small pieces of paper. Real amber will attract the paper due to static electricity. Note that some plastics can also produce static electricity.
6. Considering the Price and Source:
Extremely low prices should raise a red flag. Genuine amber, especially with inclusions, is more expensive.
- What to look for: Investigate the source of the amber. Reputable dealers are more likely to sell authentic pieces.
What Materials are Often Mistaken for Amber?
Several materials are commonly used to imitate amber:
- Copal: A younger resin that's often mistaken for amber. It's softer and less resistant to scratches.
- Plastic: Various plastics, including Bakelite and celluloid, are frequently used to create amber imitations.
- Glass: Glass is sometimes colored and shaped to mimic the appearance of amber.
How Can I Be Certain My Amber is Real?
While home tests offer a good starting point, only a gemologist or a specialist in amber can definitively authenticate a piece. They can use more sophisticated tests, including refractive index measurement and spectral analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is it easy to tell if amber is real?
While some tests can provide clues, definitively determining the authenticity of amber often requires expertise. Several tests in conjunction provide the best chance of successful identification.
What is the most accurate way to test for real amber?
There's no single "most accurate" method. A combination of the saltwater test, heat test (used cautiously), observation of inclusions, and potentially a UV light test, along with a consideration of price and source provides the best overall approach. Professional gemological testing offers the ultimate confirmation.
Can all real amber float in saltwater?
While most amber will float, some denser varieties may not. This test should be used in conjunction with others to ensure accuracy.
Why is amber so expensive?
Amber's cost depends on several factors: its age, clarity, size, the presence of inclusions (especially insects), and its color. Rare and high-quality pieces command higher prices.
By carefully considering these factors and employing multiple identification methods, you can significantly improve your chances of determining whether your amber is the real deal. Remember, caution and attention to detail are key when assessing this ancient treasure.
