Authentic amber, fossilized tree resin, is a prized gem, but the market is flooded with imitations. Knowing how to identify genuine amber is crucial, whether you're a collector, jeweler, or simply a curious buyer. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to distinguish real amber from its many counterfeits.
What are the common ways to test if amber is real?
Several methods can help you determine if a piece of amber is genuine. These range from simple at-home tests to more sophisticated laboratory techniques. Let's explore some of the most effective approaches:
The Saltwater Test:
This is a popular and relatively simple home test. Here's how it works:
- Mix: Prepare a saltwater solution by dissolving a generous amount of salt (approximately 2-3 tablespoons) in a glass of water. Stir until the salt is fully dissolved.
- Submerge: Gently place the amber piece into the saltwater solution.
- Observe: Real amber, being less dense than saltwater, will float. Imitations, such as plastic or glass, will typically sink.
Important Note: While effective for many imitations, this test isn't foolproof. Some treated or compressed amber might still sink, so it's best used in conjunction with other tests.
The Heat Test (Use Caution!):
This test involves applying heat to the amber, but it carries the risk of damaging the piece. Proceed with extreme caution and only use a very small, inconspicuous area for testing.
- Heat: Briefly hold a hot needle (not a flame!) to the amber. Real amber will release a distinct, slightly piney scent. Avoid prolonged exposure to heat.
- Observe: The smell is crucial; a strong, unpleasant odor suggests it’s not genuine amber.
Disclaimer: This method should be used cautiously, and only on a very small, hidden area of the piece. Improper use can damage the amber irreparably.
The UV Light Test:
Many types of genuine amber fluoresce (glow) under UV light, exhibiting a range of colors from blue to green. However, not all amber will fluoresce, and some imitations might exhibit fluorescence as well, making this test less reliable on its own.
- UV Light: Use a UV light source, preferably a long-wave UV lamp (365 nm).
- Observe: Note any fluorescence. While a positive result suggests authenticity, a negative result doesn't necessarily mean the amber is fake.
The Friction Test:
Rub the amber against a piece of wool or your hair. Real amber, due to its electrostatic properties, will sometimes attract small pieces of dust or paper. This is not a definitive test, but it can be a supplementary indicator.
What are the common imitations of amber?
Knowing what amber imitations look like is crucial in your identification process. Common counterfeits include:
- Plastic: This is the most common imitation, often skillfully made to resemble amber.
- Glass: Glass imitations can be convincing, especially when colored appropriately.
- Copal: Copal is a younger resin, sometimes marketed as amber, though it is significantly less valuable.
- Pressed Amber: This is made by compressing amber fragments, which affects its value and characteristics.
How can I be sure if my amber is authentic?
For complete certainty, it is recommended to consult a gemologist or amber expert. They possess the expertise and specialized equipment to perform thorough analyses, including refractive index testing and other scientific methods.
By combining the methods outlined above and seeking professional evaluation when necessary, you can significantly improve your ability to distinguish real amber from its imitations. Remember, caution and careful observation are key when evaluating amber's authenticity.
